Warrington R, Watson W, Kim HL, Antonetti FR. An introduction to immunology and immunopathology. Allergy
Asthma Clin Immunol. 2011;7(suppl 1):S1. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-7-S1-S1.
Van Parijs L, Abbas AK. Homeostasis and self-tolerance in the immune system: turning lymphocytes off.
Science. 1998;280(5361):243-248.
Mapara MY, Sykes M. Tolerance and cancer: mechanisms of tumor evasion and strategies for breaking tolerance.
J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(6):1136-1151.
Leung J, Suh W-K. The CD28-B7 family in anti-tumor immunity: emerging concepts in cancer immunotherapy.
Immune Netw. 2014;14(6):265-276.
Cheng M, Chen Y, Xiao W, Sun R, Tian Z. NK cell-based immunotherapy for malignant diseases. Cell Mol
Immunol. 2013;10(3):230-252.
Lu Y-C, Robbins PF. Cancer immunotherapy targeting neoantigens. Semin Immunol. 2016;28(1):22-27.
Dranoff G. Cytokines in cancer pathogenesis and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(1):11-22.
Bryceson YT, Ljunggren H-G, Long EO. Minimal requirement for induction of natural cytotoxicity and
intersection of activation signals by inhibitory receptors. Blood. 2009;114(13):2657-2666.
Campbell KS, Purdy AK. Structure/function of human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors: lessons from
polymorphisms, evolution, crystal structures and mutations. Immunology. 2011;132(2):315-325.
Martinet L, Smyth MJ. Balancing natural killer cell activation through paired receptors. Nat Rev Immunol.
2015;15:243-254.
Vivier E, Raulet DH, Moretta A, et al. Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells.
Science. 2011;331(6013):44-49.
Gismondi A, Stabile H, Nisti P, Santoni A. Effector functions of natural killer cell subsets in the control
of hematological malignancies. Front Immunol. 2015;6:567. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00567.
Lau LL, Jamieson BD, Somasundaram T, Ahmed R. Cytotoxic T-cell memory without antigen. Nature.
1994;369(6482):648-652.
Ghiringhelli F, Apetoh L, Tesniere A, et al. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells induces
IL-1β–dependent adaptive immunity against tumors. Nat Med. 2009;15(10):1170-1178.
Liu C, Lou Y, Lizée G, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce NK cell–dependent, tumor antigen–specific
T cell cross-priming and tumor regression in mice. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(3):1165-1175.
Zhang Q, Zhu B, Li Y. Resolution of cancer-promoting inflammation: a new approach for anticancer therapy.
Front Immunol. 2017;8:71. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00071.
Zitvogel L, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Smyth MJ, Kroemer G. Type I interferons in anticancer immunity. Nat Rev
Immunol. 2015;15(7):405-414.
Woo S-R, Fuertes MB, Corrales L, et al. STING-dependent cytosolic DNA sensing mediates innate immune
recognition of immunogenic tumors. Immunity. 2014;41(5):830-842.
He Y, Hara H, Núñez G. Mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Trends Biochem Sci.
2016;41(12):1012-1021.
Shao B-Z, Xu Z-Q, Han B-Z, Su D-F, Liu C. NLRP3 inflammasome and its inhibitors: a review. Front Pharmacol.
2015;6:262. doi:10.3389/fphar.2015.00262.
Dhodapkar MV, Dhodapkar KM, Palucka AK. Interactions of tumor cells with dendritic cells: balancing immunity
and tolerance. Cell Death Differ. 2008;15(1):39-50.
Storni T, Lechner F, Erdmann I, et al. Critical role for activation of antigen-presenting cells in priming
of cytotoxic T cell responses after vaccination with virus-like particles. J Immunol. 2002;168(6):2880-2886.
Schumacher TN, Schreiber RD. Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Science. 2015;348(6230):69-74.
Chalmers ZR, Connelly CF, Fabrizio D, et al. Analysis of 100,000 human cancer genomes reveals the landscape
of tumor mutational burden. Genome Med. 2017;9:34. doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0424-2.
Stratton MR, Campbell PJ, Futreal PA. The cancer genome. Nature. 2009;458(7239):719-724.
Alexandrov LB, Nik-Zainal S, Wedge DC, et al. Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer. Nature.
2013;500(7463):415-421.
Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Snyder A, et al. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in
non–small cell lung cancer. Science. 2015;348(6230):124-128.
Kim JM, Chen DS. Immune escape to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade: seven steps to success (or failure). Ann Oncol.
2016;27(8):1492-1504.
Giannakis M, Mu XJ, Shukla SA, et al. Genomic correlates of immune-cell infiltrates in colorectal carcinoma.
Cell Rep. 2016;15(4):857-865.
Chen DS, Mellman I. Oncology meets immunology: the cancer-immunity cycle. Immunity. 2013;39:1-10.
doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.07.012.
Long EO, Kim HS, Liu D, Peterson ME, Rajagopalan S. Controlling natural killer cell responses: integration
of signals for activation and inhibition. Annu Rev Immunol. 2013;31:227-258.
Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012;12(4):252-264.
Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Tosolini M, et al. Spatiotemporal dynamics of intratumoral immune cells reveal the
immune landscape in human cancer. Immunity. 2013;39(4):782-795.
Chen F, Zhuang X, Lin L, et al. New horizons in tumor microenvironment biology: challenges and
opportunities. BMC Med. 2015;13:45. doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0278-7.
Salmon H, Donnadieu E. Within tumors, interactions between T cells and tumor cells are impeded by the
extracellular matrix. Oncoimmunology. 2012;1(6):992-994.
Hegde PS, Karanikas V, Evers S. The where, the when, and the how of immune monitoring for cancer
immunotherapies in the era of checkpoint inhibition. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(8):1865-1874.
Chen DS, Mellman I. Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer–immune set point. Nature.
2017;541(7637):321-330.
Harlin H, Meng Y, Peterson AC, et al. Chemokine expression in melanoma metastases associated with CD8+
T-cell recruitment. Cancer Res. 2009;69(7):3077-3085.
Taube JM, Klein A, Brahmer JR, et al. Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor
immune microenvironment with response to anti–PD-1 therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(19):5064-5074.
Spranger S, Spaapen RM, Zha Y, et al. Up-regulation of PD-L1, IDO, and Tregs in the melanoma tumor
microenvironment is driven by CD8+ T cells. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5:200. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006504.
Gajewski TF, Woo S-R, Zha Y, et al. Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on overcoming barriers within the
tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Immunol. 2013;25(2):268-276.
Lam M, Tie J, Lee B, Desai J, Gibbs P, Tran B. Systemic inflammation – impact on tumor biology and outcomes
in colorectal cancer. J Clin Cell Immunol. 2015;6:377. doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000377.
Ma W, Gilligan BM, Yuan J, Li T. Current status and perspectives in translational biomarker research for
PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. J Hematol Oncol. 2016;9:47. doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0277-y.
Gajewski TF. The next hurdle in cancer immunotherapy: overcoming the non–T-cell–inflamed tumor
microenvironment. Semin Oncol. 2015;42(4):663-671.
Zhang T, Somasundaram R, Berencsi K, et al. CXC chemokine ligand 12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1 α) and
CXCR4-dependent migration of CTLs toward melanoma cells in organotypic culture. J Immunol.
2005;174:5856-5863.
Gajewski TF, Louahed J, Brichard VG. Gene signature in melanoma associated with clinical activity: a
potential clue to unlock cancer immunotherapy. Cancer J. 2010;16(4):399-403.
Ahmadzadeh M, Johnson LA, Heemskerk B, et al. Tumor antigen–specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor
express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired. Blood. 2009;114(8):1537-1544.
Zhu H, Bengsch F, Svoronos N, et al. BET bromodomain inhibition promotes anti-tumor immunity by suppressing
PD-L1 expression. Cell Rep. 2016;16(11):2829-2837.
Segura MF, Fontanals-Cirera B, Gaziel-Sovran A, et al. BRD4 sustains melanoma proliferation and represents a
new target for epigenetic therapy. Cancer Res. 2013;73(20):6264-6276.
Pastori C, Daniel M, Penas C, et al. BET bromodomain proteins are required for glioblastoma cell
proliferation. Epigenetics. 2014;9(4):611-620.
Fisk B, Blevins TL, Wharton JT, Ioannides CG. Identification of an immunodominant peptide of HER-2/neu
protooncogene recognized by ovarian tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte lines. J Exp Med.
1995;181(6):2109-2117.
Brezicka F-T, Olling S, Nilsson O, et al. Immunohistological detection of fucosyl-Gm1 ganglioside in human
lung cancer and normal tissues with monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Res. 1989;49(5):1300-1305.
Brezicka F-T, Holmgren J, Kalies I, Lindholm L. Tumor-cell killing by MAbs against fucosyl GM1, a
ganglioside antigen associated with small-cell lung carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1991;49(6):911-918.
Nowak AK, Lake RA, Marzo AL, et al. Induction of tumor cell apoptosis in vivo increases tumor antigen
cross-presentation, cross-priming rather than cross-tolerizing host tumor-specific CD8 T cells. J Immunol.
2003;170(10):4905-4913.
Anyaegbu CC, Lake RA, Heel K, Robinson BW, Fisher SA. Chemotherapy enhances cross-presentation of nuclear
tumor antigens. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107894. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107894.
Kaur P, Asea A. Radiation-induced effects and the immune system in cancer. Front Oncol. 2012;2:191.
doi:10.3389/fonc.2012.00191.
Adkins I, Fucikova J, Garg AD, Agostinis P, Špíšek R. Physical modalities inducing immunogenic tumor cell
death for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology. 2014;3(12):e968434. doi:10.4161/21624011.2014.968434.
Liao Y-P, Wang C-C, Butterfield LH, et al. Ionizing radiation affects human MART-1 melanoma antigen
processing and presentation by dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2004;173(4):2462-2469.
Aurelian L. Oncolytic viruses as immunotherapy: progress and remaining challenges. Onco Targets Ther.
2016;9:2627-2637.
Diaconu I, Cerullo V, Hirvinen MLM, et al. Immune response is an important aspect of the antitumor effect
produced by a CD40L-encoding oncolytic adenovirus. Cancer Res. 2012;72(9):2327-2338.
Steinman RM, Dhodapkar M. Active immunization against cancer with dendritic cells: the near future. Int J
Cancer. 2001;94(4):459-473.
Castle JC, Kreiter S, Diekmann J, et al. Exploiting the mutanome for tumor vaccination. Cancer Res.
2012;72(5):1081-1091.
Fuertes MB, Kacha AK, Kline J, et al. Host type I IFN signals are required for antitumor CD8+ T cell
responses through CD8α+ dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2011;208(10):2005-2016.
Demaria O, De Gassart A, Coso S, et al. STING activation of tumor endothelial cells initiates spontaneous
and therapeutic antitumor immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(50):15408-15413.
Weiss JM, Guérin MV, Regnier F, et al. The STING agonist DMXAA triggers a cooperation between T lymphocytes
and myeloid cells that leads to tumor regression. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6(10):e1346765.
doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1346765.
Ganss R, Ryschich E, Klar E, Arnold B, Hämmerling GJ. Combination of T-cell therapy and trigger of
inflammation induces remodeling of the vasculature and tumor eradication. Cancer Res. 2002;62(5):1462-1470.